Essential Photo Composition Rules
Photographic composition techniques are used to set up the elements of a picture. These are the techniques which resemble the way we humans normally see a view.
1. Rule of thirds
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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open. While there are other forms of composition, the rule of thirds generally leads to compelling and well-composed shots.
2. Golden triangle
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Golden Triangle in India is the route between Delhi, Agra and Jaipur. It's named for the almost-equilateral triangle that the three cities make when plotted on a map. Starting in the capital, Delhi, and taking in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, it's India's most well trodden tourist track.
3. Rule of space
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The rule of space relates to the direction the subject of the photograph is moving in, or even just looking in. If you photograph a runner, the rule says that you should have more space in front of the runner than behind, thus giving him space to move into within the picture.
4. Center composition and symmetry
Centered Composition and Symmetry means placing your subject at the center of the frame, such that it splits in half, either horizontally or vertically. Due to perfect symmetry, this composition creates an aesthetically pleasing balance in your image.
5. Foreground interest and depth
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Foreground interest improves a landscape photo by incorporating the scene closest to the camera. The interest placed in the lower third of the image can draw the viewer into the scene and add depth to the photo. Including more of the scene in the foreground provides added context about the location.
6. Frame into frame
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A frame within a frame is a photography composition technique. Within the four-sided frame of the photograph, another frame enhances the composition. It could be an actual frame like a window frame. Doors can make interesting frames.
7. Leading lines
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“Leading lines are a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image,” explains photographer Lukas Koss low.
8 .Geometric shapes
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Geometric shapes are closed figures created using points, line segments, circles, and curves. Such shapes can be seen everywhere around us. Some of the geometric shape examples are circle, rectangle, triangle, etc. A pizza is circular, whose slices are triangular.
9. Pattens and textures
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Contrasting a smooth object and a rough one allows you to see texture. Again, getting in closer helps achieve this feeling as well. The angle of light falling on to the texture will lift it off the image and give it feeling. It's best revealed by angled light coming more from the side, top, or rear.
10. Fill the frame.
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To fill the frame, your subject should occupy a significant portion of your image, leaving no or little space around it. This way, the photographer removes all distractions, allowing the viewer to focus on the main subject and explore every detail. Get up close and personal with your subjects.
11. Leave negative space.
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A good rule of thumb is that the amount of negative space should take up at least 50% of the photo to achieve the right effect. A landscape photo with a single figure in the distance that gives a sense of scale and loneliness is an example of negative space photography.
12. Change of point of view
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The simplest ways to alter perspective are to change to a different focal length lens (zoom in and out if you have a zoom lens) or change your viewpoint. If you feel there is a photograph to be had, but the scene is just not working for you, a simple change of viewpoint may be all that is required.
13. Balance elements in the frame
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It involves evenly dividing the frame between two equally spaced horizontal and vertical gridlines, creating a three-by-three grid. In order to create balance and flow within the image, compositional elements should be placed where these lines of the grid intersect or segment your image.